NDSS Academy

Electrical Engineering

B-Tech · Semester 7

6 MonthsDuration 9Subjects 44Chapters OnlineTests & result
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Your roadmap · आपका रोडमैप

  1. 1
    Admission & first meetingप्रवेश और पहली मुलाकात

    Enquire at your nearest NDSS centre, meet the teacher, fix the batch time and get your study material.

  2. 2
    Semester 7 — subject classesसेमेस्टर 7 — विषयवार कक्षाएँ

    Every theory subject of the term, unit by unit, with notes, numericals and doubt classes.

    Switchgear and ProtectionUtilization of Electrical Energy and Electric TractionHigh Voltage EngineeringPower System Operation and ControlQuality ManagementRural Development - Administration and Planning
  3. 3
    Labs, practicals & project workलैब, प्रैक्टिकल और प्रोजेक्ट

    Experiments / jobs / project work as in the syllabus, with practical file and viva preparation.

    Switchgear and Protection LabMini Project or Internship Assessment-IIIProject-I
  4. 4
    Unit tests & mid-termयूनिट टेस्ट और मिड-टर्म

    A test after every unit and a mid-term in the university / board pattern.

  5. 5
    Semester 7 mock testमॉक टेस्ट

    A full mock test of all subjects before the exam, with analysis.

  6. 6
    Semester 7 exam (university / board)सेमेस्टर / वार्षिक परीक्षा

    Previous papers, important questions and full revision.

  7. 7
    Online tests & resultऑनलाइन टेस्ट और रिज़ल्ट

    Take the tests online; your marks and result show in your student login and at the centre.

Syllabus · पाठ्यक्रम

9 subjects · 44 chapters · 209 topics

Switchgear and Protection5 chapters · 6 Months Subject page →
01Unit 1: Protective Relaying Fundamentals 6 topics
  1. Need for protection and protective zones
  2. Requirements: selectivity, speed, sensitivity, reliability
  3. Electromagnetic attraction and induction relays
  4. Overcurrent and IDMT relays
  5. Directional relays
  6. Primary and backup protection
02Unit 2: Distance, Differential and Static Relays 5 topics
  1. Impedance, reactance and mho relays
  2. Three-zone distance protection
  3. Differential and percentage differential relays
  4. Static relays: comparators
  5. Numerical relays
03Unit 3: Protection of Apparatus and Lines 5 topics
  1. Alternator protection: stator, rotor and loss of excitation
  2. Transformer protection: differential, Buchholz, restricted earth fault
  3. Bus-bar protection
  4. Transmission line protection: pilot wire and carrier
  5. Induction motor protection
04Unit 4: Circuit Interruption Theory 5 topics
  1. Arc formation and arc voltage
  2. High-resistance and current-zero interruption theories
  3. Restriking and recovery voltage, RRRV
  4. Current chopping and resistance switching
  5. Interruption of capacitive currents
05Unit 5: Circuit Breakers and Fuses 7 topics
  1. Oil circuit breakers
  2. Air-blast circuit breakers
  3. SF6 circuit breakers
  4. Vacuum circuit breakers
  5. Ratings: breaking, making and short-time current
  6. HRC fuses, MCB and MCCB
  7. Testing of circuit breakers
Utilization of Electrical Energy and Electric Traction5 chapters · 6 Months Subject page →
01Unit 1: Electric Heating 6 topics
  1. Advantages of electric heating
  2. Direct and indirect resistance heating
  3. Design of heating elements
  4. Induction heating: core and coreless furnaces
  5. Arc furnaces
  6. Dielectric heating
02Unit 2: Electric Welding 5 topics
  1. Resistance welding: spot, seam, butt and projection
  2. Arc welding: carbon and metal arc
  3. AC and DC welding sets
  4. Welding transformer
  5. Electron beam and laser welding (introduction)
03Unit 3: Illumination 5 topics
  1. Terms: luminous flux, intensity, illuminance, luminance
  2. Laws of illumination
  3. Incandescent, fluorescent, sodium vapour, mercury vapour and LED lamps
  4. Utilisation and maintenance factors
  5. Design of indoor, factory and street lighting
04Unit 4: Electric Traction 5 topics
  1. Systems of traction and track electrification
  2. Speed-time curves: trapezoidal and quadrilateral
  3. Tractive effort and its components
  4. Specific energy consumption
  5. Coefficient of adhesion
05Unit 5: Traction Motors, Electrolysis and Energy Conservation 5 topics
  1. Traction motors and their characteristics
  2. Series-parallel control and braking of traction motors
  3. Faraday's laws and electroplating
  4. Energy conservation and energy audit
  5. Star labelling of appliances
High Voltage Engineering5 chapters · 6 Months Subject page →
01Unit 1: Breakdown in Gases 6 topics
  1. Ionisation processes
  2. Townsend's first and second ionisation coefficients
  3. Townsend breakdown criterion
  4. Streamer theory
  5. Paschen's law
  6. Corona discharges
02Unit 2: Breakdown in Liquid and Solid Dielectrics 5 topics
  1. Pure and commercial liquids
  2. Suspended particle, cavitation and electroconvection theories
  3. Intrinsic, electromechanical and thermal breakdown of solids
  4. Treeing and tracking
  5. Breakdown in composite dielectrics
03Unit 3: Generation of High Voltages and Currents 6 topics
  1. Half-wave and voltage doubler circuits
  2. Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier: ripple and regulation
  3. Cascaded and resonant transformers
  4. Tesla coil
  5. Standard impulse waves and Marx generator
  6. Impulse current generators
04Unit 4: Measurement of High Voltages and Currents 5 topics
  1. Sphere gaps
  2. Electrostatic voltmeters
  3. Resistive, capacitive and mixed potential dividers
  4. Peak voltmeters and CVT
  5. Rogowski coil and shunts for impulse current
05Unit 5: High Voltage Testing and Insulation Coordination 5 topics
  1. Tests on insulators, bushings and cables
  2. Tests on transformers, circuit breakers and surge arresters
  3. Partial discharge measurement
  4. Lightning and switching overvoltages
  5. Insulation coordination and BIL
Power System Operation and Control5 chapters · 6 Months Subject page →
01Unit 1: Load Frequency Control: Single Area 6 topics
  1. Need for power system control
  2. P-f and Q-V control loops
  3. Speed governor, turbine and generator-load models
  4. Speed regulation and droop
  5. Static and dynamic response of a single area
  6. Integral control
02Unit 2: Load Frequency Control: Two Area 4 topics
  1. Tie-line power model
  2. Area control error (ACE)
  3. Frequency bias tie-line control
  4. Static response of two-area system
03Unit 3: Economic Dispatch and Unit Commitment 5 topics
  1. Incremental cost and economic dispatch
  2. Transmission losses and penalty factor
  3. Unit commitment: priority list and dynamic programming
  4. Spinning reserve
  5. Hydro-thermal scheduling (introduction)
04Unit 4: Reactive Power and Voltage Control 5 topics
  1. Relation between reactive power and voltage
  2. Excitation systems and AVR
  3. Tap-changing transformers
  4. Shunt capacitors, reactors and synchronous condensers
  5. SVC and FACTS (introduction)
05Unit 5: SCADA and Energy Management 5 topics
  1. SCADA: RTU, MTU and communication
  2. Functions of an energy management system
  3. State estimation
  4. Security analysis and contingency selection
  5. Operating states of a power system
Quality Management5 chapters · 6 Months Subject page →
01Unit 1: Quality Concepts 4 topics
  1. Definitions of quality (Juran, Crosby, Deming)
  2. Garvin's dimensions of quality
  3. Quality of design and quality of conformance
  4. Cost of quality: prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure
02Unit 2: Total Quality Management 5 topics
  1. TQM principles and customer focus
  2. Deming's 14 points and PDCA cycle
  3. Juran trilogy and Crosby's absolutes
  4. Kaizen, 5S and quality circles
  5. Employee involvement and leadership
03Unit 3: Statistical Quality Control 5 topics
  1. Seven QC tools: check sheet, histogram, Pareto, cause-and-effect, scatter, stratification, control chart
  2. Control charts for variables: X-bar and R
  3. Control charts for attributes: p and c
  4. Process capability: Cp and Cpk
  5. Acceptance sampling basics
04Unit 4: Quality Systems and Standards 5 topics
  1. ISO 9000 family and ISO 9001:2015
  2. ISO 14001 and ISO 45001
  3. Documentation and quality manual
  4. Internal and external quality audits
  5. Quality awards
05Unit 5: Six Sigma, Lean and Quality Tools 5 topics
  1. Six Sigma concepts and DMAIC
  2. Lean manufacturing and waste
  3. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
  4. Quality function deployment (QFD)
  5. Benchmarking and Taguchi's loss function
Rural Development - Administration and Planning5 chapters · 6 Months Subject page →
01Unit 1: Rural Development - Concepts and Problems 4 topics
  1. Meaning, scope and importance of rural development
  2. Rural economy and agriculture
  3. Problems: poverty, unemployment, migration and illiteracy
  4. Approaches to rural development
02Unit 2: Rural Development Programmes 5 topics
  1. MGNREGA
  2. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
  3. Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana - Gramin
  4. DAY-National Rural Livelihoods Mission
  5. Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and Jal Jeevan Mission
03Unit 3: Panchayati Raj and Rural Administration 5 topics
  1. Balwant Rai Mehta and Ashok Mehta committees
  2. 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992
  3. Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat, Kshetra Panchayat and Zila Panchayat
  4. Eleventh Schedule and devolution of functions
  5. Rural administration: block and district level
04Unit 4: Rural Planning 5 topics
  1. Decentralised and multi-level planning
  2. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
  3. Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP)
  4. District planning
  5. Rural infrastructure planning: roads, water, sanitation
05Unit 5: Rural Finance and Institutions 5 topics
  1. NABARD and Regional Rural Banks
  2. Cooperative credit
  3. Self Help Groups and SHG-bank linkage
  4. Microfinance and Kisan Credit Card
  5. Role of NGOs
Switchgear and Protection Lab4 chapters · 6 Months Subject page →
01Overcurrent and Earth-Fault Relays 3 topics
  1. Characteristics of an electromagnetic IDMT relay
  2. Characteristics of a numerical overcurrent relay
  3. Earth-fault relay testing
02Differential, Directional and Distance Relays 3 topics
  1. Percentage differential relay for transformer protection
  2. Directional overcurrent relay
  3. Impedance characteristic of a distance relay
03Circuit Breakers and Fuses 4 topics
  1. Time-current characteristics of an MCB
  2. Characteristics of an HRC fuse and fusing factor
  3. Dielectric strength of transformer oil
  4. Study of VCB and SF6 circuit breakers
04Apparatus Protection 4 topics
  1. Study of Buchholz relay
  2. Generator protection scheme (simulation / panel)
  3. Motor protection relay
  4. Feeder protection panel
Mini Project or Internship Assessment-III5 chapters · 6 Months Subject page →
01Topic or Internship Selection 3 topics
  1. Identifying an interest area and a guide / industry mentor
  2. Choosing a feasible mini project topic or internship organisation
  3. Getting departmental approval
02Synopsis and Planning 4 topics
  1. Problem statement and objectives
  2. Literature / product survey
  3. Methodology, tools and resources
  4. Timeline (Gantt chart) and expected outcomes
03Execution of Work / Training 4 topics
  1. Carrying out design, coding, fabrication, survey or site work
  2. Daily diary / log book
  3. Weekly review with guide or mentor
  4. Testing, observations and results
04Report Writing 4 topics
  1. Report format as per university guidelines
  2. Certificate, acknowledgement, abstract and contents
  3. Chapters: introduction, work done, results, conclusion
  4. References and plagiarism check
05Presentation and Viva 4 topics
  1. Preparing a 10 - 15 minute presentation
  2. Demonstration of model / software / photographs
  3. Answering viva questions
  4. Final assessment by the departmental committee
Project-I5 chapters · 6 Months Subject page →
01Milestone 1: Topic Selection and Team Formation 4 topics
  1. Forming the project group and getting a guide allotted
  2. Identifying problem areas from industry, society and research
  3. Feasibility check: time, cost, equipment and software
  4. Finalising the project title with the guide
02Milestone 2: Literature Survey 5 topics
  1. Searching IEEE, Springer, Elsevier, Google Scholar and NPTEL resources
  2. Reading and summarising research papers
  3. Studying relevant IS codes / standards / datasets
  4. Identifying the research gap
  5. Referencing styles (IEEE, APA) and plagiarism rules
03Milestone 3: Synopsis Preparation 5 topics
  1. Problem statement and objectives
  2. Proposed methodology and block diagram / flow chart
  3. Tools, materials, software and hardware required
  4. Work plan with Gantt chart
  5. Expected outcomes and budget
04Milestone 4: Preliminary Design and Work 4 topics
  1. System design / structural or mechanical design calculations
  2. Circuit design, simulation or software modules
  3. Survey, data collection or lab testing as needed
  4. Maintaining the project diary and weekly guide meetings
05Milestone 5: Report and Mid-term Viva 4 topics
  1. Report format: certificate, abstract, chapters, references
  2. Preparing the presentation slides
  3. Mid-term seminar before the departmental panel
  4. Answering viva questions and acting on feedback

About this course

You will be able to

  • Complete Switchgear and Protection syllabus with regular tests
  • Complete Utilization of Electrical Energy and Electric Traction syllabus with regular tests
  • Complete High Voltage Engineering syllabus with regular tests
  • Complete Power System Operation and Control syllabus with regular tests
  • Complete Quality Management syllabus with regular tests
  • Complete Rural Development - Administration and Planning syllabus with regular tests
  • Complete Switchgear and Protection Lab syllabus with regular tests
  • Complete Mini Project or Internship Assessment-III syllabus with regular tests

Who it is for

  • B.Tech Electrical Engineering students of Semester 7 under AKTU
  • Students preparing for AKTU examinations, GATE and power-utility job interviews

What you need

  • Power System-I and Power System-II
Online tests & result Practice and unit tests online; marks and result show in your student login and at the centre. Student login →

Questions

Which syllabus is followed?

The current AKTU (Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow) B.Tech syllabus of Switchgear and Protection (Electrical Engineering, Semester 7). If your university or college follows a different syllabus, the centre teaches from your own university syllabus.

How is the subject examined?

AKTU assesses it through sessional tests, assignments and attendance, and an end-semester university examination; the centre covers every unit with theory, derivations and numericals.

Are previous-year questions practised?

Yes. Unit-wise AKTU previous-year questions, short-answer questions and the test series are solved in class.

Is this a compulsory subject?

No. In the AKTU scheme it is offered as a Departmental Elective-IV option in Semester 7 of Electrical Engineering; it is taught for students who have chosen this elective.

Are numericals included?

Yes. Control charts, process capability and FMEA risk numbers are practised.

Will it help in jobs?

Yes. TQM, ISO and Six Sigma concepts are asked in interviews for production, QA / QC and project roles.

Is it useful for civil engineers?

Yes. Rural roads, housing, water supply and sanitation projects are planned and executed through these programmes.

Does it help in competitive exams?

Yes. Panchayati Raj and government schemes are common topics in UPSC, UPPSC and other exams.

Download the syllabus (PDF)

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