Your roadmap · आपका रोडमैप
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Admission & first meetingप्रवेश और पहली मुलाकातEnquire at your nearest NDSS centre, meet the teacher, fix the batch time and get your study material.
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Semester 6 — subject classesसेमेस्टर 6 — विषयवार कक्षाएँEvery theory subject of the term, unit by unit, with notes, numericals and doubt classes.
Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and NanotechnologyEcology and Environment
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Labs, practicals & project workलैब, प्रैक्टिकल और प्रोजेक्टExperiments / jobs / project work as in the syllabus, with practical file and viva preparation.
Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Ecology Lab
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Unit tests & mid-termयूनिट टेस्ट और मिड-टर्मA test after every unit and a mid-term in the university / board pattern.
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Semester 6 mock testमॉक टेस्टA full mock test of all subjects before the exam, with analysis.
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Semester 6 exam (university / board)सेमेस्टर / वार्षिक परीक्षाPrevious papers, important questions and full revision.
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Online tests & resultऑनलाइन टेस्ट और रिज़ल्टTake the tests online; your marks and result show in your student login and at the centre.
Syllabus · पाठ्यक्रम
3 subjects · 15 chapters · 63 topics
Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Nanotechnology5 chapters · 6 Months
Subject page →+
01Unit 1: Chromosome Structure and Organisation
4 topics+
- Morphology of chromosomes and karyotype
- Nucleosome model and chromatin packing
- Euchromatin and heterochromatin
- Special chromosomes: polytene, lampbrush, B chromosomes
02Unit 2: Chromosomal Aberrations and Polyploidy
4 topics+
- Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation
- Aneuploidy: monosomy, trisomy, nullisomy
- Autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy
- Role of polyploidy in evolution: wheat, Triticale, Raphanobrassica
03Unit 3: Inheritance
5 topics+
- Mendel's laws and test cross
- Gene interactions: complementary, epistasis, duplicate genes
- Linkage and crossing over
- Gene mapping
- Extranuclear inheritance
04Unit 4: Plant Breeding
5 topics+
- Objectives and centres of plant breeding
- Plant introduction and acclimatisation
- Mass selection and pure line selection
- Hybridisation and heterosis
- Mutation and polyploidy breeding
05Unit 5: Nanotechnology in Plants
5 topics+
- Nanoparticles and their properties
- Physical, chemical and green synthesis
- Characterisation: UV-Vis, XRD, SEM, TEM
- Nano-fertilisers and nano-pesticides
- Risks and biosafety
Ecology and Environment5 chapters · 6 Months
Subject page →+
01Unit 1: Ecological Factors and Adaptations
4 topics+
- Climatic, edaphic, topographic and biotic factors
- Soil formation and soil profile
- Adaptations of hydrophytes
- Adaptations of xerophytes and halophytes
02Unit 2: Ecosystem
4 topics+
- Structure and components of ecosystem
- Primary productivity: GPP and NPP
- Energy flow, food chains and pyramids
- Biogeochemical cycles: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus
03Unit 3: Plant Communities and Succession
4 topics+
- Community characteristics: frequency, density, abundance, IVI
- Raunkiaer's life forms
- Hydrosere and xerosere
- Climax concepts
04Unit 4: Phytogeography and Biodiversity
5 topics+
- Phytogeographic regions of India
- Endemism
- Biodiversity: levels, values and threats
- Hotspots and IUCN categories
- In-situ and ex-situ conservation
05Unit 5: Environmental Pollution and Issues
5 topics+
- Air, water and soil pollution
- Eutrophication and biomagnification
- Global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain
- Phytoremediation
- Environmental laws and EIA
Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Ecology Lab5 chapters · 6 Months
Subject page →+
01Mitosis
4 topics+
- Fixation of onion root tips
- Hydrolysis and staining (aceto-carmine / aceto-orcein)
- Squash preparation
- Stages of mitosis and mitotic index
02Meiosis
3 topics+
- Fixing young flower buds
- Anther smear preparation
- Identification of meiotic stages
03Plant Breeding Techniques
3 topics+
- Emasculation, bagging and tagging
- Pollen viability test
- Hybridisation in a self-pollinated crop (demonstration)
04Genetics Problems
3 topics+
- Monohybrid and dihybrid problems
- Gene interaction ratios
- Chi-square test
05Ecological Exercises
5 topics+
- Minimum quadrat size by species-area curve
- Frequency, density and abundance by quadrat
- Soil pH, moisture and texture
- pH and dissolved oxygen of water
- Ecological adaptations of specimens
About this course
You will be able to
- Complete Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Nanotechnology syllabus with regular tests
- Complete Ecology and Environment syllabus with regular tests
- Complete Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Ecology Lab syllabus with regular tests
Who it is for
- B.Sc Botany students of Semester 6 (UP State Universities NEP 2020 common minimum syllabus)
- Students preparing for M.Sc entrance and agriculture-related competitive exams
What you need
- B.Sc Botany Semesters 1-5
- Basic genetics from Class 12
Online tests & result
Practice and unit tests online; marks and result show in your student login and at the centre.
Student login →
Questions
Which syllabus does this course follow?
It follows the UP State Universities NEP 2020 common minimum syllabus for B.Sc Botany, Semester 6. Where your own university's syllabus differs, the centre follows your university's syllabus and question pattern.
Are genetics numericals asked in the exam?
Yes. Ratios, chi-square and map-distance problems are practised unit-wise in this course.
Is there a test after the course?
Yes. Unit-wise multiple-choice tests and a final exam paper are included for semester exam practice.
Is field work included?
Yes. Quadrat studies and soil and water analysis are done in the Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Ecology Lab.
Can mitosis slides be prepared quickly?
Yes. Onion root tips grown in 3-4 days on water are enough; the trainer helps with fixing and squashing.
How are the practicals marked?
The trainer watches each experiment and marks it on a rubric; the viva questions here prepare you for the university practical exam.
